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July 21, 1877 | Newspaper
Riot at the Sixth Regiment Armory
This article from the July 21, 1877 issue of the Baltimore Sun describes the riot at the Sixth Maryland Regiment armory in Baltimore.
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July 21, 1877 | Newspaper
Tearing Up Tracks
This article from the July 21, 1877 issue of the Baltimore Sun describes the damage rioters caused to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's tracks near Lee Street in Baltimore.
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July 21, 1877 | Newspaper
List Of The Dead And Wounded
This article from the July 21, 1877 issue of the Baltimore Sun lists the dead and wounded during the riots.
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July 21, 1877 | Newspaper
Reported Killed
This article from the July 21, 1877 issue of the Baltimore American reports the number of citizens killed when the military shot into the crowd outside Camden Station in Baltimore.
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July 21, 1877 | Newspaper
Impediments To Departure
This article from the July 21, 1877 issue of the Baltimore Sun describes the rioters' confrontations with a Baltimore and Ohio railroad engineer and brakeman as well as the Baltimore Police.
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July 21, 1877 | Newspaper
Further Particulars Of The Depot Fire
This article from the July 21, 1877 issue of the Baltimore Sun gives an account of the fire started by rioters at Camden Station in Baltimore.
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July 20, 1877 | Newspaper
Determined to Fight
This article from the July 20, 1877 edition of the Baltimore American notes the attitude of the railroad workers toward any attempted to break up the strike.
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July 18, 1877 | Newspaper
Midnight News from the Seat of War
This article from the July 18, 1877 edition of the Baltimore Sun gives an account of the strikers' growing strength and the government's inability to stop it.
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July 18, 1877 | Newspaper
The Situation at Martinsburg
This article in the July 18, 1877 edition of the Baltimore Sun gives an account of the previous day's confrontation in Martinsburg, West Virginia.
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July 18, 1877 | Newspaper
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Strike
This article in the July 18, 1877 edition of the Baltimore Sun notes the extent of the trouble on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the rioting at Martinsburg, West Virginia, and the militia's ineffectiveness.
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November 18, 1873 | Newspaper
DISCRIMINATION ON ACCOUNT OF COLOR ON RAILROADS
The New York Times reported on its front page the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Catharine Brown's case. The case aroused Republicans to reconsider the intent and purpose of the Congress in the midst of the Civil War because it turned on the railroad's Congressional charter from 1863 which clearly barred any discrimination on the basis of race or color. The railroad's main argument before the Supreme Court rested first on the idea that separate cars were customary, locally sanctioned, and equally accommodated, and second on the specious reasoning that because they carried colored passengers they had not violated the Congressional charter--colored persons were carried, just in a different car. The spirit of the Congress in 1863, the Court decided, suggested otherwise. The decision, however significant and newsworthy, was sorely limited in its application. Only a handful of railroads in the District of Columbia possessed such language in their originating charters.
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April 19, 1872 | Letter
Letter from Joseph G. Osborn to George S. Harris, April 19, 1872
In this April 19, 1872 letter from Joseph E. Osborn to George S. Harris, Osborn describes the immigrants headed to Burlington and Missouri River Railroad lands in Nebraska and Iowa as being "as poor as church rats."
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March 1, 1872 | Letter
Letter from C. R. Schaller to George S. Harris, March 1, 1872
In this March 1, 1872 letter from C. R. Schaller to George S. Harris, Schaller writes a letter of introduction for Mr. Louis McCandless of Moville, describing his intentions to start a colony and detailing his excellent work habits.
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February 15, 1872 | Letter
Letter from Joseph E. Osborn to George S. Harris, February 15, 1872
In this February 15, 1872 letter from Joseph E. Osborn to George S. Harris, Osborn describes the results of a business trip to Norway, in which he tried to find favorable rates of passage for Norwegian immigrants who have purchased Burlington and Missouri River Railroad land in Iowa and Nebraska.
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February 5, 1872 | Letter
Letter from Joseph E. Osborn to George S. Harris, February 5, 1872
In this February 5, 1872 letter from Joseph E. Osborn to George S. Harris, Osborn reports on his work in Europe, publicizing the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad Company's lands in Iowa and Nebraska. He has printed 10,000 copies of a land brochure to be distributed in Denmark and Norway.
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January 15, 1872 | Letter
Letter from Joseph E. Osborn to George S. Harris, January 15, 1872
In this January 15, 1872 letter from Joseph E. Osborn to George S. Harris, Osborn describes his efforts at recruiting European immigrants to Iowa and Nebraska in the United States. He expects a small number of immigrants this year, but hopes that the seeds he has sown will bear fruit in future years.
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January 5, 1872 | Letter
Letter from C. R. Schaller to A. E. Touzalin, January 5, 1872
In this January 5, 1872 letter from C. R. Schaller to A. E. Touzalin, Schaller outlines a plan to use London's conservative press to advertise the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad Company's lands in Nebraska.
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January 1, 1872 | Letter
Letter from Henry Wilson, January 1, 1872
In this January 1, 1872 letter, Henry Wilson states that on the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad Company's lands in Iowa and Nebraska, "the class we most want is Farmers or Land buyers." In his estimation, the climate and environment are best suited for agriculture and the prospects for "persons dependent on their labor are not so good as in older States," which would make it difficult for them to succeed in America.
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April 28, 1870 | Legal decision
Draft of Catharine Brown, Evidence Given
Catharine Brown's case--Case No. 4582--was scheduled to go to trial in October 1868 in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, but was delayed because of various procedural motions by the railroad's attorneys. When these motions were denied, the case was tried over three days in March 1870. The all white jury rendered a verdict of guilty against the railroad company and awarded Brown $1,500 in damages. Then, the defendant railroad attorney's sought an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Here is their statement of argument, denying that the railroad used violence or made derogatory remarks. Furthermore, in denying Brown's claims, the railroad argued that there were distinctions between through and local passenger types of service, even on the Baltimore and Ohio, and that separate colored cars on local lines were run at the request of black passengers.
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December 31, 1869 | Legal decision
Seth E. Beedy Deposition
Catharine Brown's attorneys deposed two white men who were on the train with Brown and witnessed her expulsion from the cars in Alexandria. Both lived in Maine and were deposed in December 1869. Seth Beedy was traveling with Benjamin Hinds, who knew and recognized "Kate" Brown. Beedy testified, "she was ejected by violence and that alone."
