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1861 | Photograph
Roundhouse at Alexandria
A Matthew Brady image of the roundhouse at Alexandria, Virginia during the Civil War.
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1861 | Photograph
Barricades at Alexandria, Virginia.
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1861 | Photograph
Cars of U.S. Military Rail Road, and bridge built by soldiers
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1861 | Photograph
Slave pen of Price, Birch & Co., Alexandria, VA: ca. 1860 - ca. 1865
A Matthew Brady image of the slave pen of Price, Birch & Co., Alexandria, Virginia.
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1861 | Map
Railroad access trend line by state, 1861
Using a fifteen-mile buffer around the railroad networks for each state in 1861, and an algorithm to distribute a county?s population across the landscape, this estimate of the percentage of county residents who had access to the railroad depots shows the South?s advances in the 1850s. The addition of more railroad miles reached a point of diminishing returns in every state.
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1861 | Book
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
In these excerpts from her memoir, Harriet Jacobs writes of the segregation and prejudice she faced in the North almost immediately after escaping from slavery.
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1861 | Photograph
Confederate guns, Pensacola Bay, 1861
Columbiad guns of the Confederate water battery at Warrington, Fla., near Pensacola, February 1861. With the railroad to Pensacola under construction and finally completed in May, the Confederates could move large guns and troops more quickly to the coast.
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December 23, 1860 | Letter
Letter from John McConihe to John Kellogg, December 23, 1860
In this December 23, 1860 letter from John McConihe to John Kellogg, McConihe recounts the fate of the freight he sent to Denver and his plans to send another supply train west in February. McConihe also informs Kellogg of his plans to return to New York and expresses his confidence that the Union will "be patched up" in time for him to turn a profit the next year.
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November 26, 1860 | Letter
Letter from John R. Boyle to Samuel B. Reed, November 26, 1860
In this letter from November 26, 1860, John R. Boyle writes to Samuel Reed from Washington , Iowa describing the character of work on the railroad there. He states that the work is "very light," and approves of the fact that the company "has ordered their expenses very low." He notes that after he paid all of his men he received $2,600 instead of $5,600, but believes all will be well eventually. Boyle also writes that he has not heard back from "those Cedar Rapids people" regarding some work, but he does not believe they have enough money to offer work in any case. He says that not much will be done over the winter with "the country in such a disturbed state."
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November 12, 1860
Letter from William H. Seevers to Thomas M. Isett and William C. Brewster, November 12, 1860
In this letter from November 12, 1860, William H. Seevers writes to Thomas M. Isett and William C. Brewster discussing the sale of their land near Oskaloosa, Iowa. He states that Reed was correct in his belief that "our land could not be avoided" by the railroad construction, but believes that they must also consider the desires of the stockholders.
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November 8, 1860 | Letter
Letter from John R. Boyle to Samuel B. Reed, November 8, 1860
In this letter from November 8, 1860, John R. Boyle writes to Samuel Reed informing him that he has just finished his work, is "settling" with his men, and will therefore be unable to visit Reed in Joliet, Illinois. He asks Reed to inquire about the nature and pay of some winter railroad work for them both, telling him not to take if for less than 15 cents as he believes "work will be plenty in the spring" and not to "touch it at any price...if they have no money."
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October 29, 1860 | Letter
Letter from John R. Boyle to Samuel B. Reed, October 29, 1860
In this letter from October 29, 1860, John R. Boyle writes to Samuel Reed discussing his search for railroad employment. He states that they missed out on a contract in Oskaloosa, Iowa, but he remains determined to find work in that area as he believes "there is nothing to be made in this western country now as there is too much competition in the way of RRoading." He notes that there has been much "log rolling" with regard to a 70 mile extension of the Cedar Rapids road, and also tells Reed he is worried he may lose some money on his present work in Washington , Iowa.
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October 26, 1860
Letter from Thomas M. Isett & William C. Brewster to Samuel B. Reed, October 26, 1860
In this letter from October 26, 1860, Thomas M. Isett and William C. Brewster write to Samuel Reed requesting that he travel to see to the possible sale of their land near Oskaloosa, Iowa to the Mahaska County Railroad Company. They note that "it is very important to have the station ground laid out to suit our land with a view of other Rail Roads," and believe Reed is the man to go as he knows "more about these things than we do."
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October 26, 1860 | Letter
Letter from Chester Weed to Samuel B. Reed, October 26, 1860
In this letter from October 26, 1860, Chester Weed writes to Samuel Reed regarding the possible sale of right-of-way and depot ground near Oskaloosa, Iowa to the Mahaska County Railroad Company. Weed states he would like to be sure they get the most possible out of the land, but does not want "our interest so tied up that we can't give right of way to the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad if they ever want it." He asks Samuel Reed to go out to Oskaloosa as soon as possible and see to the situation, as he is much better acquainted with the "lay of the land."
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October 22, 1860
Letter from William H. Seevers to Thomas M. Isett and William C. Brewster, October 22, 1860
In this letter from October 22, 1860, William H. Seevers continues his discussion with Thomas M. Isett and William C. Brewster regarding the sale of their land near Oskaloosa, Iowa for railroad use, stating that "the depot will no doubt be located this week."
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October 18, 1860 | Letter
Letter from John McConihe to John Kellogg, October 18, 1860
John McConihe's October 18, 1860 letter to John Kellogg reports his frustration over the death of one of his mules on the supply wagon he has sent to the West and reports the close results of the election for a Congressional delegate. The telegraph line has been extended from Omaha to Kearney, and this, coupled with a stagecoach route from Omaha to Denver, indicates to him that Nebraskans "are getting to be of some account."
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October 18, 1860
Letter from William H. Seevers to Thomas M. Isett and William C. Brewster, October 18, 1860
In this letter from October 18, 1860, William H. Seevers writes to Thomas M. Isett and William C. Brewster regarding the sale of their land near Oskaloosa, Iowa for right-of-way and depot ground. He states that although the exact location of the railroad depot has yet to be determined, there is a strong probability "that it will go on our land" and asks them to send the necessary paperwork.
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October 3, 1860
Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Jennie Reed, October 3, 1860
In this letter from October 3, 1860, Samuel Reed writes to his wife informing her that he has returned from his trip into the South. He tells her the engineer who promised him and John R. Boyle work was mistaken about the time it would be available and they do not know yet whether they will get it. He describes the wealth present in Vicksburg, Mississippi and states that he found it "very comfortable to have all the help wanted about a place and to feel that they are stationary and will not leave if any fault is found with them." He describes the slaves as "contented and happy," noting that they are better dressed than the laboring classes of the North. He also notes that Stephen A. Douglas is to speak in Chicago "and there will be a gathering of the people that will make the black Republicans quil in their shoes."
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September 25, 1860 | Letter
Letter from Julia B. Abbott to Jennie Reed, September 25, 1860
In this letter from September 25, 1860, Julia B. Abbott writes to Jennie Reed, wife of Samuel Reed, discussing various family news. She notes that she attended the anniversary exercises at the Theological Seminary in Andover, Massachusetts and enjoyed it very much. Among those "celebrities" she saw and heard were Professor Harriet Beecher Stowe and Henry Ward Beecher.
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September 21, 1860 | Letter
Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Jennie Reed, September 21, 1860
In this letter from September 21, 1860, Samuel Reed writes to his wife informing her that he has arrived in Cairo, Illinois. He notes the poor state of crops there and offers a brief description of the landscape, characterizing it as "the most forbiding looking place I have seen in the west." He tells her that he and John R. Boyle will travel to Memphis by railroad that morning, and then proceed to Vicksburg, Mississippi by river.
