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  • | Illustration

    Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, August 11, 1877, full page

    This August 11, 1877 full page from Leslie's Illustrated demonstrates the impact groupings of illustrations had in this type of periodical.

  • | Illustration

    Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, August 11, 1877, front page

    This August 11, 1877 front page from Leslie's Illustrated is meant to capture the immediacy of the violence and action associated with the strikes.

  • | Newspaper

    Four Nebraska Traitors

    The Republican State Journal criticizes Bryan and his Populists allies in Congress for their votes on the sugar tariff, a protectionist measure that, the paper asserts, practically killed the local sugar beet industry. Bryan is also criticized for his editorship of the Omaha World Herald.

  • | Photograph

    Fortified Railroad Bridge Across Cumberland River, Nashville, Tennessee, 1864

    Confederate guerrilla forces, often operating as regular cavalry units, attacked Union-controlled railroad lines. They shot into trains, destroyed tracks, took prisoners, killed Union soldiers, and burned bridges. Union commanders responded by developing block houses and fortified bridges to protect the vulnerable lines, equipping trains with special armor, recruiting loyal local citizens to ferret out guerrillas, and dispatching special counterinsurgency cavalry units to track down the Confederate guerrillas.

  • | Speech

    Fond du Lac, WI Speech, 1896-10-30

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Flint, MI Speech, 1896-10-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    First Train for Billings

    Railroads changed the spatial relationship of cities and regions, altering trade routes, access to markets, credit, and information. Despite his campaign against railroad political corruption, the editor of The Omaha Bee celebrates the new Billings route with great enthusiasm for the opportunities it will create.

  • | Newspaper

    Firing On The Crowd

    This July 21, 1877 article from the Baltimore Sun gives an account of the Maryland Sixth Infantry Regiment firing into the crowd in Baltimore.

  • | Illustration

    Firing into a Mob on Baltimore Street

    Railroad detective Allan Pinkerton's history of the strike emphasized the unruliness of the mob and the threat of foreign, anarchist, and communist influences on American labor. Here, his illustration shows the military defending law and order, firing their weapons into a mob in Baltimore during the 1877 strike.

  • | Illustration

    Fireworks Celebrating the Completion of Victoria Bridge

    This image from the September 1, 1860 issue of Harper's Weekly depicts celebratory fireworks following the completion of the Victoria Tubular Bridge in Montreal, Canada.

  • | Newspaper

    Fight on Class Law

    The Anti-Separate Coach Committee of Kentucky begins to lobby against the Jim Crow laws recently passed by the state legislature.

  • | Map

    Field of Operations on the Potomac

    This map from the New York Daily Tribune is an example of the methods newspapers used to help Americans visualize the geography of warfare — shaping their perceptions of the war and the landscapes on which it was fought. This map illustrates the position of Union forces along the Potomac just days before many of the troops headed south to begin the Peninsula Campaign.

  • | Newspaper

    Federal Troops to Quell the Strike

    This article from the July 19, 1877 edition of the Baltimore American details the events that led to the Federal government sending troops to disperse the rioters.

  • | Map

    Federal Land Grants for the Construction of Railroads and Wagon Roads 1823-1871

    This map from the 1932 Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States reveals the United States land grants available for the construction of railroads and wagon roads between 1823-1871. As the key indicates, dark lines represent the limits of the land grants, while white and striped areas differentiate between unforfeited and forfeited Federal land grants for railroads.

  • | Newspaper

    Fear Public Sentiment

    The Bryan-Thurston campaign took place amidst national news of the trial of Eugene Debs and others in the American Railway Union for violence and disobeying court injunctions in the 1894 Pullman strikes.

  • | Illustration

    Farewell!

    This image from the October 9, 1859 issue of Harper's Weekly depicts a farewell exchange between a man and woman.

  • | Speech

    Falls City, NE Speech, 1896-07-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    Fallacious Doctrine

    Bryan's World Herald criticizes John Thurston's claims in the joint debate that the Republicans defend American working men with the protectionist tariff.

  • | Newspaper

    Failure To Close The Drinking Houses

    This letter to the editor, printed in the July 22, 1877 edition of the Baltimore American, asks why saloons in Baltimore remained open, even after receiving the order to close, and seemed to indicate the ineffectiveness of the police in the situation.

  • | Newspaper

    FACTS FROM GEORGIA

    A correspondent of the New York Age reports on an Atlanta Evening Journal article recounting the expulsion of Reverend T. H. Lee from a Georgia Railroad Company coach.