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• December 24, 1887 | Newspaper

  Rev. Mr. Heard's Railroad Case

  The case of Rev. William Heard versus the Georgia Railroad Company is heard before the Interstate Commerce Commission.

• April 5, 1893 | Newspaper

  Rights of Negroes

  The decision for Maime Caldwell in her case against the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad Company for discrimination is briefly recounted, noting the final award of $800.

• March 17, 1864 | Book

  The Congressional Globe [excerpts]

  In these excerpts from a Senate debate over regulations for a District of Columbia street railroad, many typical arguments for and against public segregation are aired in language that also reveals attitudes towards race and equality as the Civil War continued.

• 1890 | Law

  The Louisiana Railway Accommodations Act

  The Louisiana Railway Accommodations Act mandates "equal but separate" rail travel in the state.

• 1901 | Book

  The Marrow of Tradition

  In this excerpt from Charles Chesnutt's novel, the African American doctor protagonist faces the reality of segregation on Southern railroads.

• 1893 | Book

  The Reason Why the Colored American is not in the World's Columbian Exposition

  Ida B. Wells, Frederick Douglass, Irvine Garland Penn, Ferdinand L. Barnett, and Frederick Loudin published The Reason Why in response to the exclusion of Afircan Americans and their contributions to American life from the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. The excerpt included here is part of Wells' contribution and includes the Tennessee separate coach law.

• November 6, 1841 | Newspaper

  To The Public

  The plight of African Americans and their abolitionist supporters on New England railroads is addressed in depth in this passionate editorial.

• May 20, 1875 | Newspaper

  Untitled [Grand Jury of the United States District Court Harrisonburg, Va., has found a bill of indictment]

  The United States District Court at Harrisionburg, Virginia, hands down an indictment against the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad for the ejection of Annie Smith.

• September 29, 1883 | Newspaper

  Untitled [The railroads of Texas have been harassed]

  A brief editorial statement about the conditions on Texas railroads and the lack of equal accomodations for African Americans and the need for a continued struggle against "American intolerance."

• September 3, 1891 | Newspaper

  Untitled [Through the action of the separate coach law]

  A reponse from the Southern Pacific following an Interstate Commerce Commission ruling that African Americans making trips crossing state lines could not be ejected from first-class cars.