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  • | Time Table

    Orange and Alexandria Line "Irregular" Timetable

    This "irregular" timetable, published by the United States Military Railroads department, shows arrival and departure times on the Orange and Alexandria Line for "The Government of Operatives Only."

  • | Newspaper

    Mr. Whitney's Railroad

    Asa Whitney's plans for a transcontinetal railroad were met alternately with scorn and acclaim. Whitney anticipated a United States as the central point for international trade; harbors on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts would be fed by rail lines criss-crossing the country, moving goods for import and export easily across country.

  • | Letter

    Attorney General W.P. Bocark's Opinion Regarding the Bureau of Public Works' Liability for Slaves Killed on Blue Ridge Railroad, November 1, 1854

    When two slaves were killed on the Blue Ridge Tunnel project, slaveholders held the Virginia Board of Public Works, which had hired slaves through contractors, liable for the losses. Affidavits were taken on the value of the slaves, their character and history. The Attorney General of Virginia, W. P. Bocock, ruled that whether the slaves were killed on the Virginia Central Rail Road Co. or the Blue Ridge project was immaterial, and that the Board of Public Works was liable for reasonable compensation to the slaveholders.

  • | Letter

    Letter from A. O. Patterson to Samuel B. Reed, January 25, 1860

    In this letter from January 25, 1860, A. O. Patterson writes to Samuel Reed discussing difficulties with the Muscatine branch of the State Bank of Iowa, which Patterson managed along with his partners J. W. Dutton and Reed's good friend Charles H. Abbott. Patterson states that he will have to "commence anew," and tells Reed he wishes he would "sell out & go with me to a warmer country." He also states that he believes a grant to the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad is in danger of being forfeited "on account of not having 75 miles done."

  • | Letter

    Letter from John R. Boyle to Samuel B. Reed, April 30 1860

    In this letter from April 30, 1860, John R. Boyle writes to Samuel Reed stating that the prospects for railroad work west of Iowa City, Iowa do not look good for the season. He notes that the governor of Missouri vetoed a state bill which had appropriated four or five million dollars "to finish up some of those roads now only part finished," and concludes "R Roading seems to be dead." He asks Reed to let him know if he hears of any work.

  • Letter from Charles H. Abbott to Samuel B. Reed, May 17, 1860

    In this letter from May 17, 1860, Charles H. Abbott writes to Samuel Reed from Chicago recommending an acquaintance for employment as a farm hand. He also notes that "we are having great times here" on account of the Republican National Convention. He teases Reed about his support of Stephen A. Douglas, writing "come up and be converted to the true Republicans of /76 or will you wait to take the chances of the Little Giant at Baltimore."

  • | Letter

    Letter from Charles H. Abbott to Samuel B. Reed, July 6, 1860

    In this letter from July 6, 1860, Charles H. Abbott writes to Samuel Reed discussing the completion of the harvest and the prices of crops. He states that he heard Reed "had a great time at the Douglass celebration at Joliet [Illinois]," and teases him about the fact that the Joliet state prisoners also strongly supported Douglas in a mock election.

  • | Illustration

    An "After Donkey Engine"

    This image from the August 11, 1860 issue of Harper's Weekly offers a cartoonist's rendering of the misleading term "AfterDonkey Engine."

  • Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Jennie Reed, October 3, 1860

    In this letter from October 3, 1860, Samuel Reed writes to his wife informing her that he has returned from his trip into the South. He tells her the engineer who promised him and John R. Boyle work was mistaken about the time it would be available and they do not know yet whether they will get it. He describes the wealth present in Vicksburg, Mississippi and states that he found it "very comfortable to have all the help wanted about a place and to feel that they are stationary and will not leave if any fault is found with them." He describes the slaves as "contented and happy," noting that they are better dressed than the laboring classes of the North. He also notes that Stephen A. Douglas is to speak in Chicago "and there will be a gathering of the people that will make the black Republicans quil in their shoes."

  • Pacific Railway Act of 1862

    The mechanism for the creation of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, this document is a demonstration of the intricate relationship between the business of the railroad and the business of government and expansion.

  • Homestead Act

    In this report of the Agricultural Committee to the House of Representatives, the importance of European immigration into the American West for the continued prosperity and growth of the nation is emphasized in a call for the establishment of an Emigration Bureau. Note the emphasis on the need for internal improvements (including the railroad) to facilitate the mobility of immigrants and agricultural products.

  • Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Jennie Reed, March 2, 1863

    In this letter from March 2, 1863, Samuel Reed writes to his wife expressing concern over the appearance of cannon in Joliet, Illinois and the potential violation of "the liberties of the people." He describes the political climate in Burlington, Iowa as "not as pleasant as I could wish," and is particularly disturbed by the wholesale treatment of Democrats as traitors. Reed also details his tiresome trip back to Burlington, and notes a reminiscence of "old times and troubles on the M. & M. R.R." resulting from an impromptu visit from a Mr. Rheinhart.

  • Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Wife and Children, March 15, 1863

    In this letter from March 15, 1863, Samuel Reed writes to his wife and family describing a debate between a Democratic state senator and Republican army officers which he observed while traveling. Reed defends the Democrat's right to free speech, arguing that he said "nothing disloyal" but rather spoke unpleasant truths which the Republicans did not wish to accept. Reed also notes that he may be able to travel home for a visit in the middle of April and intends to have his photograph taken at that time.

  • | Book

    The Congressional Globe [excerpts]

    In these excerpts from a Senate debate over regulations for a District of Columbia street railroad, many typical arguments for and against public segregation are aired in language that also reveals attitudes towards race and equality as the Civil War continued.

  • | Letter

    Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Wife and Family, April 20, 1865

    In this letter from April 20, 1865, Samuel Reed writes to his wife and family describing the difficulty of traveling by stagecoach and mentions that he heard the news of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination. Reed notes that their party was the first to inform many people of the President's death. He also describes a memorial service in Omaha, NE.

  • | Letter

    Letter from Danforth H. Ainsworth to Samuel B. Reed, June 16, 1865

    In this letter from June 16, 1865, Danforth H. Ainsworth writes to Samuel Reed describing the progress of the Union Pacific Railroad construction in and around Omaha, Nebraska. He states that unwillingness on the part of the President and the Secretary of the Interior to approve a change of the line to Mud Creek caused quite a bit of excitement in Omaha, noting that "the Omahas were pretty thoroughly frightened, and for a few days Bellevue stock had an upward tendency." Ainsworth also tells Reed that he wrote to Mrs. Reed to tell her "she might consider you beyond danger from indians, at least on your trip to Salt Lake."

  • | Letter

    Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Jennie Reed, July 18, 1866

    In this letter from July 18, 1866, Samuel Reed writes to his wife describing a fierce political fight involving Thomas C. Durant and George Francis Train of the Union Pacific Railroad. Their larger-than-life personalities cause Reed to comment that "one stage coach or steam boat could not hold two such men."

  • | Letter

    Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Wife and Family, January 15, 1867

    In this letter from January 15, 1867, Samuel Reed writes to his wife and family describing his desire, but his inability, to go west soon. He mentions that the Union Pacific's directors continue to talk about the possibility of bridging the Missouri River between Omaha and Council Bluffs, but "there has been nothing done yet about settling the question."

  • | Letter

    Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Wife and Family, January 17, 1867

    In this letter from January 17, 1867, Samuel Reed writes to his wife and family describing a "stormy meeting" of the Union Pacific Railroad's executive committee. He is fearful that "the progress of the road will be very much retarded" by proposed changes "in the mode of building the road."

  • | Letter

    Letter from Samuel B. Reed to Wife and Family, January 22, 1867

    In this letter from January 22, 1867, Samuel Reed writes to his wife and family describing the continuing internal debate over the future of the Union Pacific Railroad.

  • | Government document

    Senate Report on Catharine Brown

    The U.S. Senate Committee on the District of Columbia hears testimony about the forcible ejection of Catherine Brown from the Alexandria and Washington Railroad coach. Multiple witnesses are called and the circumstances of her removal are described.

  • | Newspaper

    The Washington and Alexandria Railroad Car

    The railroad's segregation of Catharine Brown in February 1868 and her subsequent lawsuit against the company came to the immediate attention of Senator Charles Sumner (Massachusetts) and Senator Waitman Willey (West Virginia), both of whom sat on the Senate's District of Columbia Committee. At their urging, the Senate Committee launched an investigation into the affair, deposed dozens of witnesses, and issued a stinging report against the railroad company. Many of these same witnesses testified later in Brown's civil suit against the railroad company.

  • | Illustration

    Completion of the Pacific Railroad, Harper?s Weekly, May 29, 1869

    This image was a metaphor for where the nation was going, although it said little about where the nation had been. Created by Alfred R. Waud, one of the most prolific Civil War sketch artists and lithographers, the image suggested a national tapestry of progress. Far from binding the nation, railroads and the culture that developed around them had been one of the root causes of discord and division.

  • | Illustration

    Richard Cobden

    Richard Cobden, a leading Liberal in Parliament, was also invested in the Illinois Central Railroad. He took two major trips to the United States, first in 1835 and again in 1859. During his first trip he traveled on railroads for a total of just ninety miles, from Lowell, Mass., to Boston, and then to Providence, R.I. On his second trip, twenty-four years later, he traveled 4,000 miles on American railroads.

  • | Letter

    Letter from C. R. Schaller to A. E. Touzalin, January 5, 1872

    In this January 5, 1872 letter from C. R. Schaller to A. E. Touzalin, Schaller outlines a plan to use London's conservative press to advertise the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad Company's lands in Nebraska.

  • | Illustration

    Justice On The Rail

    This image from the March 30, 1872 issue of Harper's Weekly depicts a cartoonist's view of justice "derailing" a corrupt ring on the Erie Railroad.

  • | Speech

    The Winter Indian Campaign of 1864-1865

    In 1907, the Colorado Commandery of the Loyal Legion of the United States reprinted this account of General Grenville Dodge's campaign against the plains Indians. The Loyal Legion praised Dodge's 1864-1865 campaign as a "signal victory over the most vindictive, barbarous and treacherous enemies our soldiers have ever been called on to fight." Responding to Indian attacks on stagecoaches, trains, and telegraphs, Dodge's account recalls his efforts to "open and protect" the territories up to the Platte line, and to "whip all the Indians in the way."

  • | Newspaper

    Garrett Announces Wage Reduction

    This July 11, 1877 circular announces a wage reduction for workers on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

  • | Newspaper

    The Military Called Out

    The American reports that John King, vice-president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, requested state militia to guard the property of the railroad and quell the "riot." West Virginia Governor Henry M. Mathews in a telegraph assures King that he will do everything in his power to "suppress the riot."

  • | Newspaper

    Labor, Trouble, and Disturbances

    This dispatch from West Virginia Governor Henry M. Matthews, reprinted in the July 17, 1877 edition of the Baltimore Sun, states Matthews' desire to preserve the peace and protect the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's trains.

  • | Newspaper

    An Explanation by Captain Charles J. Faulkner, Jr.

    This letter to the editor by Captain Charles J. Faulkner, printed in the July 19, 1877 edition of the Baltimore Sun defends his decision to leave the railroad yard at Martinsburg, West Virginia. Faulkner's letter comes in response to newspaper editors who suggested that his company left too soon.

  • | Newspaper

    Dispatches from General French and Colonel Delaplaine

    This excerpt from the July 18, 1877 edition of the Baltimore American lists several military dispatches in response to the strike, including correspondence from West Virginia Governor Henry M. Matthews asking Secretary of War George W. McCrary for assistance and tactical messages between the field commanders.

  • | Newspaper

    Governor Matthews Explains

    West Virginia Governor Henry M. Matthews replies to Secretary of War George McCrary's request for more information about the state's military strength, noting that some of the state and local militia were sympathetic to the strikers. He also claims that U.S. troops are necessary to prevent "bloodshed."

  • | Newspaper

    Governor Matthews' Letter

    West Virginia Governor Henry M. Mathews requests United States troops to quell what he called "domestic violence" and to stop the activities of what he deemed "unlawful combinations."

  • | Newspaper

    Mr. Garrett to the President: An Urgent Request for United States Troops

    On Wednesday, July 18, 1877, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad President John W. Garrett sends a message to President Hayes urging him to send United States troops to end the strike and the "open intimidation" of railroad employees who did not join the strike.

  • | Newspaper

    The President Asks for Information

    In response to West Virginia Governor Henry M. Matthews request to President Hayes for U.S. troops in the crisis, Secretary of War George W. McCrary replies by asking for details about the scale and scope of the "insurrection."

  • | Newspaper

    The President's Proclamation

    On July 18, 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes issued a proclamation calling the citizens engaged in the strike to peacefully disperse and return to their homes.

  • | Newspaper

    Federal Troops to Quell the Strike

    This article from the July 19, 1877 edition of the Baltimore American details the events that led to the Federal government sending troops to disperse the rioters.

  • | Newspaper

    The Strike in West Virginia

    This article from the July 20, 1877 edition of the London Times provides a description of the strike-related events in West Virginia.

  • | Newspaper

    Carroll Requests Hayes' Assistance

    On July 20, 1877, Maryland Governor John L. Carroll requests military assistance from President Rutherford B. Hayes to stop the "rioters" and prevent "domestic violence."

  • | Newspaper

    Governor Carroll's Proclamation

    In this July 20, 1877 proclamation, Maryland Governor John L. Carroll asks the citizens of Maryland to abstain from acts of lawlessness and assist the authorities in maintaining law and order. Carroll refers to the strike as a "conspiracy" to interfere with the business of the railroad.

  • | Newspaper

    The Railway Strike

    This article from the July 21, 1877 edition of the London Times gives an account of the strike's changing scope following the arrival of Federal troops as well as the suspicion of its growth in other cities around the country.

  • | Letter

    Carroll's Response to McCrary

    On July 21, 1877, Maryland Governor John L. Carroll sends Secretary of War George W. McCray a report, informing him that order has been restored in the state.

  • | Newspaper

    Carroll's Second Proclamation

    On July 21, 1877 Maryland Governor John L. Carroll issued a second proclamation, asking the state's citizens to maintain law and order.

  • | Newspaper

    Hayes' July 21 Proclamation: A Manifesto Against Domestic Violence

    On July 21, 1877, President Rutherford B. Hayes issued a proclamation ordering all strikers to disperse and return home. He noted that a state of "domestic violence" existed in Cumberland, Maryland, and "along the line" of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

  • | Letter

    McCrary Updates Carroll

    On July 21, 1877 Secretary of War George W. McCrary informs Maryland Governor John L. Carroll of the troops that are coming to his aid.

  • | Letter

    Note from McCrary to Carroll

    On July 21, 1877, Secretary of War George W. McCrary sends a message to Maryland Governor John L. Carroll telling him that federal troops are coming to his aid.

  • | Newspaper

    Police Commissioner's Announcement

    On July 21, 1877, two Baltimore Police Commissioners, the Maryland Governor, and the President of the Board of Police ask residents to abstain from gathering in crowds.

  • Bad Allies

    In this article from the July 23, 1877 edition of the Toledo Blade, the editors support the striking railroad workers, but condemn the "mob of scoundrels who took advantage of the occasion to commit all sorts of depredations."

  • Cause of the Strike and a Remedy

    This article from the July 23, 1877 edition of the Chicago Daily Tribune outlines the various causes of the strike—placing blame on railroad workers and railroad executives—and stresses that the remedy to this situation can only be achieved once mob rule has been replace by law and order.

  • | Newspaper

    General French Ordered To Send Troops

    This July 23, 1877 article in the Baltimore American notes Secretary of War George W. McCrary's order to General William H. French to send troops to Cumberland, Maryland to "suppress the riot."

  • The Great Strike

    This article from the July 23, 1877 edition of the Chicago Daily Tribune suggests that railroad corporations should adopt new policies to meet the needs of railroad workers, which will also keep many of the corporations from falling into bankruptcy.

  • The Strike

    This article from the July 23, 1877 edition of the St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat condemns the recent actions of the railroad strikers and hopes that the city can avoid a repeat of the violence in Pittsburgh, where the mob has "pillaged and burned and murdered in the carnival of crime."

  • Timely Advice

    This article from the July 23, 1877 edition of the St. Louis Dispatch advises the Missouri Pacific Railroad to "set the example to other roads to promptly acquiesce in all reasonable demands" by the workers in order to peacefully end the railroad strike.

  • [Let Us Have Peace]

    This article from the July 23, 1877 edition of the Chicago Inter-Ocean argues that a strike cannot be allowed to start in Chicago, or the city will see the same bloodshed and violence as in Baltimore and Pittsburgh. The editors state that violence must not be allowed to flourish; despite the contention between railroad workers and railroad executives, peace should trump workplace disagreements.

  • | Newspaper

    Help Yourself

    This selection from the July 24, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post includes three articles. The first two note the ability of citizens to keep peace, that military aid was unnecessary, and that railroad workers were not included in the mob. The third section notes recuperation on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

  • Progress of the Strike

    This article from the July 24, 1877 edition of the St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat commends the actions of the Missouri railroads, which have done their best to support the workers and have "removed the last excuse for disorder or violence." The editors condemn Communists, but support the striking workers in their quest for higher wages—a request the newspaper hopes the company will consider.

  • The Strike

    This article from the July 24, 1877 edition of the St. Louis Dispatch notes the outbreak of violence in the city and states that "the railroad war in St. Louis has actually begun." The newspaper condemns the workers who are destroying property, but supports the "real workingmen" who "do not cut their own throats in this way."

  • | Newspaper

    Excitement Waning

    This article from the July 25, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post informs readers of the state of the strike in Pittsburgh and notes the Governor's response.

  • | Newspaper

    Here and Elsewhere

    This article from the July 25, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post is optimistic about the handling of the strike in Pittsburgh but disapproving of strikes at manufacturing establishments.

  • The Chicago Strike

    This article from the July 25, 1877 edition of the Chicago Inter-Ocean gives notice of the newspaper's support for the striking workers. The editors state that "we recognize their privilege to do as they please about working, and shall utter no reproach against them," as long as they abstain from violence.

  • The Tyranny of the "Brotherhood"

    This article from the July 25, 1877 edition of the Toledo Blade states the newspaper's strong oppositon to the "tyranny" of the railroad union, whose "managers care nothing for the welfare of the community at large, nor the best good of its members."

  • | Newspaper

    Washington

    This July 25, 1877 article from the Pittsburgh Daily Post notes the response of the federal government to the strikes and describes where military personnel will be stationed.

  • | Newspaper

    The Road To Hell Is Easy

    This editorial from the July 26, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post discusses the social ramifications of the strike and wonders why a solution cannot be reached between the railroad owners and the railroad strikers.

  • | Newspaper

    European Opinion

    These articles from the July 27, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post note the response of European countries to the recent American railroad strikes and discuss American Cabinet proceedings in relation to the strike.

  • | Newspaper

    Punishing Pittsburgh

    This article from the July 27, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post notes Philadelphia's frustration with Pittsburgh over the railroad strike and mentions that city's suggestion that the Pennsylvania Central Railroad be routed around Pittsburgh to ensure future rail service to Philadelphia.

  • | Newspaper

    The West Penn Calamity

    This article from the July 27, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post briefly accounts a court proceeding concerning a collision on the West Penn Railroad in which five men were killed.

  • | Newspaper

    Washington

    This article from the July 27, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post notes the debate in Washington on how to settle the problems with the railroads.

  • | Newspaper

    General Sherman

    This article from the July 28, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post presents a series of opinions and responses concerning the reasons for the strike.

  • | Newspaper

    The End Drawing Near

    This section of articles from the July 28, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post notes the nationwide events occurring in relation to the strike and include a discussion of the attempts at negotiations between officials and laborers.

  • | Newspaper

    The Railroad Strike

    This article from the July 28, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post notes a misunderstanding between the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Colonel Thomas A. Scott regarding whether or not Scott could have prevented the outbreak of violence.

  • | Newspaper

    Washington

    This article from the July 28, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post notes the actions of the federal government in response to the strike at this point, including instructions to military commanders and the president's policy.

  • | Newspaper

    Collapse of the Strike

    This selection of articles from the July 30, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post notes the events of the railroad strike around the country and describes the situation regarding current railroad operations.

  • | Newspaper

    Last Week

    This article from the July 30, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post presents a number of miscellaneous items in relation to the current behavior of strikers, as well as responses to the National Guard's occupation of the city.

  • | Newspaper

    New York: Mr. Beecher Explains

    These selections from the July 30, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post briefly note Henry Ward Beecher's clarification of a previous controversial statement. A court victory for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, which was being sued, is also described.

  • | Newspaper

    The Cabinet Discusses the Strike

    This brief article from the July 30, 1877 issue of the Pittsburgh Daily Post notes the Cabinet's assurance of the end of the strike, with no further interference on railroad lines.

  • | Illustration

    Beecher's Theory and Practice

    This cover image from the August 8, 1877 issue of PUCK Magazine depicts Henry Ward Beecher as a hypocrite.

  • | Newspaper

    ART. IX.—The Recent Strikes

    This August 13, 1877 article reports on the violence and destruction of the Great Railroad strike in cities across the eastern United States.

  • | Government report

    Testimony by Norman M. Smith, manager of the Pittsburgh transfer station for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company

    Norman M. Smith describes the moment of firing into the crowd in Pittsburgh and his impressions of the military and the "mob."

  • | Government report

    Testimony of Robert Pitcairn to the Committee

    Robert Pitcairn served as the Pittsburg division superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad and had ordered the double-heading of trains on July 19th for all eastbound traffic. Because trains would be twice as long but run with fewer trainmen, workers on the Pennsylvania refused to run the trains and the strike spread from the Baltimore and Ohio onto the Pennsylvania lines. Pitcairn describes his view of the violence in Pittsburg, emphasizing the restraint of the military and the riotousness of the "crowd." Pitcairn places special emphasis on the role of the women in the crowd.

  • | Government report

    Testimony of Roger O'Mara, Chief of Detectives of Pittsburgh

    Roger O'Mara, Pittsburgh Chief of Detectives testified on February 11, 1878 to the committee appointed to investigate the railroad strikes. He emphasizes the inability of the local police force to serve warrants and restrain the crowd.

  • | Government report

    Testimony of Soloman Coulson, a police officer at the time of the Pittsburgh riot

    Testimony given on February 12, 1878 by Soloman Coulson, a Pittsburgh police officer, described the violence at the railroad roundhouse and the makeup of the crowd gathered outside the roundhouse.

  • | Newspaper

    Railroad Pass Bribery

    Edward Rosewater, a Republican leader and editor of the Daily Bee, accuses the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad of lavishing free passes as bribes to get Thomas Majors the Republican nomination for governor in 1894.

  • | Newspaper

    Thurston on Bryan

    Republican U.S. Senate candidate John M. Thurston campaigned at local party club meetings across the state in 1894, poking fun of the turbulence in the Democratic and Populist opposition and of his opponent, William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    Strikes Have Their Uses

    The Bryan-Thurston Senate race took place in the context of a massive strike by Pullman car and railroad workers in the summer of 1894. Both men vied for the support of workingmen.

  • | Newspaper

    Democracy and Trusts

    Republican editor Edward Rosewater went on a campaign to discredit Thomas Majors, the Republican nominee for governor in 1894, and to expose railroad influence in the campaign. Rosewater's disgruntled disgust with party fealty to the railroads did not prevent him from attacking the Democratic Party as beholden to trusts and against the interests of workingmen.

  • | Newspaper

    Pullman's Pay Was Not Cut

    A Congressional commission investigated the causes of the Pullman and railway strikes in 1894. The investigation probed into the workings of the Pullman company town and the living conditions, wages, and independence of working men at Pullman.

  • | Newspaper

    Union Pacific is Master

    Carrying on his crusade against the railroads in politics, Republican editor Edward Rosewater criticizes the appointment of receivers for the Union Pacific and the Oregon Short Line. He argues that the judges are in the service of the Union Pacific and the result will be continued monopoly power over rates and service in the region.

  • | Newspaper

    [Untitled] That there is a big pot of money

    Calling the opposition "pops," a diminutive term to dismiss and criticize the Populists and any of their allies, the Republican newspaper in Lincoln, Nebraska, criticizes Bryan's efforts to campaign for money reform as hypocritical and self-serving.

  • | Newspaper

    Four Nebraska Traitors

    The Republican State Journal criticizes Bryan and his Populists allies in Congress for their votes on the sugar tariff, a protectionist measure that, the paper asserts, practically killed the local sugar beet industry. Bryan is also criticized for his editorship of the Omaha World Herald.

  • | Newspaper

    The Oratory Opens

    Thurston campaigns in York before large crowds and presents the Republican message in 1894 on money, trade, and labor.

  • | Newspaper

    Bryan Was Not In It

    Bryan's candidacy and his move to fuse with the Populists and campaign for free silver went against the Cleveland White House administration. In Nebraska the Democratic forces divided and some remained "gold bugs," staunch conservatives on the money issue and others remained reluctant to break with the Democratic presidential administration on such important issues. The Republican State Journal seeks to exploit the deep divisions in the Democratic Party.

  • | Newspaper

    Consecrated Perfidy

    Republican editor Edward Rosewater criticizes the strike commission investigation and argues little of value will emerge from its recommendations because railroads have so much influence. Rosewater includes a little poem about Thomas Scott, the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, ridiculing him as self-absorbed and arrogant.

  • | Newspaper

    A Colossal Railway Consolidation

    Republican Editor Edward Rosewater welcomes the consolidation of the Southern Railway out of its receivership and hopes that bigness will streamline railroad operations and open up opportunities for government oversight and control.

  • | Newspaper

    They'll Fight

    William Jennings Bryan's World Herald calls attention to the demands of workers and the situation evolving around the Union Pacific receivership.

  • | Newspaper

    Bryan as a False Prophet

    The Republican State Journal emphasizes the Democratic Party's internal divisions over the fusion with Populists.

  • | Newspaper

    Fear Public Sentiment

    The Bryan-Thurston campaign took place amidst national news of the trial of Eugene Debs and others in the American Railway Union for violence and disobeying court injunctions in the 1894 Pullman strikes.

  • | Newspaper

    What Shall We Do To Be Saved

    Republican editor Edward Rosewater offers to receive and publish the public's comments on the problem of railroad corruption in politics.

  • | Newspaper

    That Union Pacific Order

    In the middle of the 1894 election season, word spread that various railroads, including the Union Pacific, gave orders to their employees not to act in or speak about politics.

  • | Newspaper

    Impulse of Confidence

    Even newspapers editors such as Edward Rosewater who took strong stands against railroad corruption followed the doings of the railroad business. A visit from a "railroad man" to any town was a newsworthy event and a moment for speculation about the state of business affairs and the prospects of the town.

  • | Newspaper

    The New Anti-Trust Law

    Republican editor Edward Rosewater accuses the Democratic Congress and Democratic candidates of attempting to gain political advantages from passing an "anti-trust" piece of legislation. He also criticizes the Democratic administration for failure to enforce anti-trust acts.

  • | Newspaper

    Railroad and the People

    Edward Rosewater, Republican editor, argues that the railroads charge "tax" on a part of nearly every commodity in the United States. He welcomes the consolidation of railroad management and the professionalization of the managers as a sign of future government regulation and fairer, more predicatable business practices.

  • | Newspaper

    Issue of the Hour

    Republican editor Edward Rosewater had played a central role in the party's organization, but broke ranks with Thurston's Republican cohorts and he resigned from the state committee and campaigned in 1894 for cleaning up politics from railroad influence.

  • | Newspaper

    Nebraska Politics

    The Republican Bee publishes a letter from a longtime Nebraska Democrat, arguing that the Democratic Party has been in servitude to the railraods and that only a restoration of public spirit will revitalize the political life of either party.

  • | Newspaper

    The Tactics of Young Billy

    The Republican State Journal calls attention to Bryan's tactics within the Democratic Party, emphasizing his inability to compromise, his miscalculation of the Populist strength, and his failure to mend fences with the administration Democrats.

  • | Newspaper

    [Untitled] Today is the date arranged by Mr. Bryan. . .

    The Republican State Journal ridicules Bryan's Populist-Democratic fusion as an unlikely alliance and a fantasy.

  • | Newspaper

    Bryan for Senator

    William Jennings Bryan's newspaper reports the events of his nomination at the state convention, emphasizing the joining of forces to defeat the Republicans and the deep history of the Democratic Party.

  • | Newspaper

    Bryan's Two Challenges

    Bryan challenges Thurston to a debate.

  • | Newspaper

    Notice to Travellers

    After the Democratic convention nominates Bryan, the Republican State Journal ridicules Bryan as pompous and self-serving, blind to the consequences of his actions.

  • | Newspaper

    Pullman Taxation

    The Pullman strike investigation opens up inquiries into tax assessment and valuation, another source of local conflict with large railroad corporations, and Republican editor Edward Rosewater calls attention to the financial manipulations of these companies as further evidence of railroad corruption.

  • | Newspaper

    Rosewater and Railroads

    Republican editor Edward Rosewater's determined campaign against railroads and against the Republican candidate for governor Tom Majors culminates in an open forum and debate. The Republican State Journal presents Rosewater as a pompous and ineffective gadfly.

  • | Newspaper

    Reasonable Rates Defined

    The editor of The Omaha Bee quotes economist Richard T. Ely and explores the idea of the strikes as a "necessary evil," one that reveals the broken nature of the industrial, railroad political economy. Rates and the proper valuation of railroad properties were a crucial public issue.

  • | Newspaper

    Thurston Is Conservative

    In the era before direct election of senators, candidates often stood unofficially for a period of time, and in 1894 John Thurston was not officially nominated by the Republican Party with a platform. His standing was as a citizen and a party member. Bryan hopes to force Thurston's views into the open and directly challenge him, but the editor of the Bee and other Republicans consider these offers little more than political posturing.

  • | Newspaper

    Mr. Rosewater's New Speech

    The Republican State Journal ridicules rival Republican editor Edward Rosewater, who was giving speeches around Nebraska in a campaign to eliminate railroad influence in politics and prevent the election of Tom Majors as governor. The State Journal depicts Rosewater as a self-centered buffoon.

  • | Newspaper

    On to Washington

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    Rough on Administration Democrats

    Bryan's World Herald warns Democrats that Republican efforts to peel off conservative Cleveland, gold bug Democrats will end in Republican advantage.

  • | Newspaper

    Quit the Union or be Fired

    The U.S. Senate campaign in 1894 featured long speeches by candidates at town gatherings across Nebraska. John Thurston presents his case for defending American interests first by contrasting McKinley as the American with Democratic internationalism.

  • | Newspaper

    First Train for Billings

    Railroads changed the spatial relationship of cities and regions, altering trade routes, access to markets, credit, and information. Despite his campaign against railroad political corruption, the editor of The Omaha Bee celebrates the new Billings route with great enthusiasm for the opportunities it will create.

  • | Newspaper

    Thurston-Bryan Debate

    Plans for the joint Thurston-Bryan debate proceed.

  • | Newspaper

    An Artistic Job of Train Robbing

    Bryan's World Herald puts the tariff issue at the center of the 1894 campaign and argues that the tariff is a tax on working people because it results in higher prices for all goods and commodities. The newspaper also editorializes about a recent train robbery, arguing that the Wells Fargo men did not demonstrate enough manliness in the confrontation.

  • | Newspaper

    A Deception And A Snare

    Railroads presented political controversies at the very local level, in city hall meetings and town councils over the location of their depots, the kind of service they might run, and a host of other social issues.

  • | Newspaper

    Times Are Getting Better

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    Fallacious Doctrine

    Bryan's World Herald criticizes John Thurston's claims in the joint debate that the Republicans defend American working men with the protectionist tariff.

  • | Newspaper

    Bryan in a Tight Place

    The Republican State Journal depicts the disagreement over tactics in the Democratic Party because of Bryan's fusion with the Populists.

  • | Newspaper

    How a Woman Viewed it All

    Bryan commissioned journalist and author Elia W. Peattie to cover the joint debates. One of a small number of women in the audience, Peattie explains "how a woman viewed" the candidates' respective speeches, political views, manners, and fashion.

  • | Newspaper

    The Political Pot

    Bryan's World Herald publishes information on Bryan's next speeches and appearances, as well as reminds voters that the only way for Bryan to be elected Senator is for Democrats to elect Democratic representatives to the legislature.

  • | Newspaper

    Three of a Kind

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    Bryan and Thurston

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    Pulse of Western Progress

    In this roundup of Western news about "progress," the Omaha Daily Bee depicts the Indians as unable to manage relationships with aggressive, and presumably corrupt, railroad companies. It applauds the decision by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals to restrain the railroads from building across Indian lands. The other news of the West evokes the progress that comes with railroads and that such decisions denied Indians.

  • | Newspaper

    Bringing in the B. & M. Voters

    Ever vigilant against railroad political power, the Republican Omaha Daily Bee warns against the possibility of voter fraud in the election through the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad employees whom the company is moving back into Nebraska right before the election.

  • | Newspaper

    Silas

    The Nebraska State Journal ridicules Bryan for his attractive looks and youth, and sarcastically dismisses Populist-Democractic gubernatorial candidate Silas Holcomb as a local loan shark. The paper also prints a humorous poem mocking Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    Reaping the Whirlwind

    Bryan's World Herald emphasizes the stock watering and financial schemes of railroads that have gone bankrupt. Bryan's campaign consistently points to the railroads as bloated and overvalued in stocks and, as a consequence, threatening to ruin the reputation of the United States in world financial markets.

  • | Newspaper

    Hitting Back Hard

    Republican editor Edward Rosewater attacks the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad as the silent moving force behind the conservative Omaha business men's associations and their efforts to persuade voters in smaller towns to support Tom Majors for governor.

  • | Newspaper

    Through Historic Fields

    Even though the Omaha Daily Bee campaigned against railroad political power, the newspaper celebrates the opening of a new line it expects to reshape the West and enhance the prominence and position of Omaha, Lincoln, and other cities.

  • | Newspaper

    The Political Pot

    Bryan's World Herald reports on the endorsements of labor organizations.

  • | Newspaper

    Heard From the Two Johns

    The Republican paper emphasizes the split in the Democratic party between Bryan and the Cleveland administration.

  • | Newspaper

    Railroad Cry

    In this advertisement in Bryan's World Herald, the State Republican Party of Nebraska presents the case against Bryan and Populism as harmful to the state's interests. Populism "burns up value" in Nebraska's assets, the ad charges, and accuses fellow Republican Edward Rosewater, editor of the Omaha Daily Bee, of perfidy and betrayal. The ad depicts Rosewater, a Jew, as a "Shylock" and "petty" tyrant, emphasizing instead the manliness of the Republican candidates and leaders.

  • | Newspaper

    Want Better Mail Service

    The quality, availability, and cost of railroad service in a local community often became a contentious political issue pitting locals against non-locals and spilling into local political contests. The Omaha Bee, an enemy of railroad power of any sort, emphasizes the local community's "right" to equal service.

  • | Newspaper

    Representing the People

    Conservative Republicans organized "Business Men's Associations" in the 1894 campaign to fund and support Republican candidates, elect John M. Thurston, and defeat William Jennings Bryan. These associations spawned considerable political debate about the role of business in politics.

  • | Illustration

    Save Nebraska From Confederated Monopoly

    In 1894, Democrat William Jennings Bryan ran against Republican John M. Thurston for Nebraska's open seat in the United States Senate. During the race, the Omaha Bee, a Republican reform paper, campaigned against the Burlington & Missouri Railroad as an especially nefarious force endangering the republic. In this political cartoon, Editor Edward Rosewater broadened the paper's attack to include all monopolies.

  • | Newspaper

    The Corporation Anaconda

    Republican editor Edward Rosewater attacks "the corporation anaconda" he sees in the Nebraska 1894 campaign. The intimidation of railroad employees and the organization and direction of railroad money are his chief targets.

  • | Newspaper

    The Guardian Angel of Trusts and Monopolies

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Newspaper

    Continued Misrepresentation

    Bryan's World Herald defends his record on behalf of the working man and against Republican charges that he favors wage reductions.

  • | Newspaper

    The Avalanche

    The Republican State Journal celebrates the Republican victory in the November 1894 state and Congressional elections.

  • | Speech

    Speech Concluding Debate on the Chicago Platform

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Champaign, IL Speech, 1896-07-13

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Effingham, IL Speech, 1896-07-13

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Mattoon, IL Speech, 1896-07-13

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Salem, IL Speech, 1896-07-13

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Centralia, IL Speech, 1896-07-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Salem, IL Speech 1, 1896-07-15

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Salem, IL Speech 2, 1896-07-15

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    California, MO Speech, 1896-07-16

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Chamois, MO Speech, 1896-07-16

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Jefferson City, MO Speech, 1896-07-16

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Kansas City, MO Speech 1, 1896-07-16

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Sedalia, MO Speech, 1896-07-16

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    St. Louis, MO Speech, 1896-07-16

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Washington, MO Speech, 1896-07-16

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Falls City, NE Speech, 1896-07-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Kansas City, MO Speech, 1896-07-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lincoln, NE Speech, 1896-07-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Table Rock, NE Speech, 1896-07-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Omaha, NE Speech 1, 1896-07-21

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Council Bluffs, IA Speech, 1896-07-22

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Atlantic, IA Speech, 1896-08-07

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Des Moines, IA Speech 1, 1896-08-07

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lincoln, NE Speech, 1896-08-07

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Stuart, IA Speech, 1896-08-07

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Chicago, IL Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Colfax, IA Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Davenport, IA Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Iowa City, IA Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Joliet, IL Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    La Salle, IL Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Moline, IL Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Newton, IA Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Ottawa, IL Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Rock Island, IL Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Ada, OH Speech, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Alliance, OH Speech, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Bucyrus, OH Speech, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Canton, OH Speech, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Crestline, OH Speech 1, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Dunkirk, OH Speech, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lima, OH Speech, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Mansfield, OH Speech, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Pittsburgh, PA Speech 1, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Upper Sandusky, OH Speech, 1896-08-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Madison Square Garden, New York City, NY Speech, 1896-08-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Moberly, MO Speech, 1896-09-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    New York City, NY Speech 2, 1896-08-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Newark, NJ Speech, 1896-08-13

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Barrytown, NY Speech, 1896-08-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Poughkeepsie, NY Speech, 1896-08-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Rhinebeck, NY Speech, 1896-08-19

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Madalin, NY Speech, 1896-08-22

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Philadelphia, PA Speech 1, 1896-09-22

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Kingston, NY Speech, 1896-08-25

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Albany, NY Speech, 1896-08-25

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Erie, PA Speech 2, 1896-08-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Erie, PA Speech 3, 1896-08-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Rochester, NY Speech, 1896-08-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Buffalo, NY Speech 1, 1896-08-27

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Erie, PA Speech, 1896-08-27

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Knowlesville, NY Speech, 1896-08-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Niagara Falls Speech, 1896-08-28

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Cleveland, OH Speech 1, 1896-08-31

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Ripley, NY Speech, 1896-08-31

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Columbus, OH Speech, 1896-09-01

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Springfield, OH Speech, 1896-09-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Toledo, OH Speech 1, 1896-09-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Elkhart, IN Speech, 1896-09-03

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Sturgis, MI Speech, 1896-09-03

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Milwaukee, WI Speech 3, 1896-09-05

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Chicago, IL Speech, 1896-09-07

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lincoln, NE Speech 1, 1896-09-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lincoln, NE Speech 2, 1896-09-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Omaha, NE Speech, 1896-09-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Pacific Junction, IA Speech, 1896-09-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Weeping Water, NE Speech, 1896-08-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Kansas City Speech 1, 1896-09-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Kansas City, MO Speech 2, 1896-09-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    St. Louis, MO Speech 1, 1896-09-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    St. Louis, MO Speech 2, 1896-09-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Belleville, IL Speech, 1896-09-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Carmi, IL Speech, 1896-09-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Evansville, IL Speech, 1896-09-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Henderson, KY Speech, 1896-09-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Louisville, KY Speech 1, 1896-08-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    McLeansboro, IL Speech, 1896-09-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Mount Vernon, IL Speech, 1896-09-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lexington, KY Speech, 1896-09-15

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Knoxville, TN Speech, 1896-09-16

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Charlotte, NC Speech, 1896-09-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Durham, NC Speech, 1896-09-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Greensboro, NC Speech, 1896-09-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lexington, NC Speech, 1896-09-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Raleigh, NC Speech, 1896-09-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Salisbury, NC Speech, 1896-09-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Goldsboro, NC Speech, 1896-09-18

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Richmond, VA Speech 1, 1896-09-18

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Ashland, VA Speech, 1896-09-18

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Baltimore, MD Speech 1, 1896-09-19

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Baltimore, MD Speech 2, 1896-09-19

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Fredricksburg, VA Speech, 1896-09-19

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    To American Workingmen

    This speech, delivered by Nebraska Senator John M. Thurston on September 19, 1896, addresses an audience of workingmen and mechanics in Chicago, Illinois. In his address, Thurston argues that the "promise of something for nothing is false and dangerous to the people."

  • | Speech

    Washington, DC Speech, 1896-09-19

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Dover, DE Speech, 1896-09-21

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Wilmington, DE Speech 1, 1896-09-21

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Camden, NJ Speech, 1896-09-22

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Hartford, CT Speech 1, 1896-09-24

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    New Haven, CT Speech 2, 1896-09-24

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Boston, MA Speech 1, 1896-09-25

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Boston, MA Speech 2, 1896-09-25

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Boston, MA Speech 3, 1896-09-25

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Springfield, MA Speech, 1896-09-25

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Bath, ME Speech, 1896-09-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Portland, ME Speech, 1896-09-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Rockingham, MA Speech, 1896-09-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lynn, MA Speech, 1896-09-28

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    New Haven, CT Speech, 1896-09-28

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    New London, CT Speech, 1896-09-28

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Jersey City, NJ Speech 1, 1896-09-29

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    New York, NY Speech 1, 1896-09-29

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Hancock, MD Speech, 1896-09-30

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Harper's Ferry, WV Speech, 1896-09-30

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Keyser, WV Speech, 1896-09-30

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Martinsburg, MD Speech, 1896-09-30

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Clarksburg, WV Speech 1, 1896-10-01

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Clarksburg, WV Speech 2, 1896-10-01

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Parkersburg, WV Speech, 1896-10-01

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Wheeling, WV Speech, 1896-10-01

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Charleston, WV Speech, 1896-10-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Cincinnati, OH Speech, 1896-10-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Covington, KY Speech, 1896-10-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Huntington, WV Speech, 1896-10-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    St. Louis, MO Speech 1, 1896-10-03

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Memphis, TN Speech, 1896-10-05

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Indianapolis, IN Speech 1, 1896-10-06

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Indianapolis, IN Speech 2, 1896-10-06

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Indianapolis, IN Speech 5, 1896-10-06

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Jeffersonville, IN Speech, 1896-10-06

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Hammond, IN Speech, 1896-10-07

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Logansport, IN Speech 2, 1896-10-07

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Cedar Rapids, IA Speech, 1896-10-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Marshalltown, IA Speech 2, 1896-10-08

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Huron, SD Speech, 1896-10-09

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Sioux Falls, SD Speech, 1896-10-09

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    St. Paul, MN Speech 1, 1896-10-10

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Minneapolis, MN Speech 1, 1896-10-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Minneapolis, MN Speech 3, 1896-10-12

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Brainerd, MN Speech, 1896-10-13

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Duluth, MN Speech 3, 1896-10-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    St. Cloud, MN Speech, 1896-10-13

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Escanaba, MI Speech, 1896-10-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Marquette, MI Speech, 1896-10-14

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Grand Rapids, MI Speech 2, 1896-10-15

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Traverse City, MI Speech, 1896-10-15

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Detroit, MI Speech 2, 1896-10-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Flint, MI Speech, 1896-10-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Saginaw, MI Speech, 1896-10-17

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Detroit, MI Speech, 1896-10-18

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Dayton, OH Speech, 1896-10-19

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lima, OH Speech, 1896-10-19

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Youngstown, OH Speech 1, 1896-10-20

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Youngstown, OH Speech 2, 1896-10-20

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Muncie, IN Speech, 1896-10-22

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Newcastle, IN Speech, 1896-10-21

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lafayette, IN Speech 1, 1896-10-22

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Peru, IN Speech, 1896-10-22

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Terre Haute, IN Speech 1, 1896-10-22

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Charleston, IL Speech, 1896-10-23

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Peoria, IL Speech 3, 1896-10-23

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Springfield, IL Speech 1, 1896-10-23

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Sullivan, IL Speech, 1896-10-23

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Galva, IL Speech, 1896-10-24

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    La Salle, IL Speech, 1896-10-24

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Macomb, IL Speech, 1896-10-24

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Monmouth, IL Speech, 1896-10-24

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Rock Island, IL Speech, 1896-10-24

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Jacksonville, IL Speech 1, 1896-10-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Jacksonville, IL Speech 3, 1896-10-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Bloomington, IL Speech, 1896-10-27

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Chicago, IL Speech 1, 1896-10-27

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Chicago, IL Speech 5, 1896-10-27

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    DeKalb, IL Speech, 1896-10-29

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Rochelle, IL Speech, 1896-10-29

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Fond du Lac, WI Speech, 1896-10-30

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Council Bluffs, IA Speech 1, 1896-10-31

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Council Bluffs, IA Speech 2, 1896-10-31

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Council Bluffs, IA Speech 3, 1896-10-31

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Crete, NE Speech, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Exeter, NE Speech, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Grand Island, NE Speech, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Gretna, NE Speech, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Harvard, NE Speech, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Hastings, NE Speech, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Lincoln, NE Speech 2, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Omaha, NE Speech 1, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Omaha, NE Speech 3, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Omaha, NE Speech 5, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Omaha, NE Speech 6, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Omaha, NE Speech 7, 1896-11-02

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Speech

    Manchester, NH Speech, 1896-09-26

    Speech by William Jennings Bryan.

  • | Diary

    Rutherford B. Hayes Diary Entry, August 2, 1877

    This August 2, 1877 entry from President Rutherford B. Hayes' diary notes the proximity of his relatives to the violence in Pittsburgh.

  • | Map

    The Southern Railroad System, 1913

    This map from the 1932 Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States displays the extent of the Southern railroad system in 1913.